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Sigma
U+03A3 · Greek and Coptic
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Meaning and uses
Σ is the capital form of sigma, the letter that gives Greek its S sound. Mathematicians borrowed it for sums: Σx means add up every value of x, and statistics books use it on almost every page, next to the small σ for standard deviation. At the end of a Greek word the small letter changes shape to ς. For formulas there is also ∑, the n-ary summation sign, which is bigger and sits in the maths block; a Mac types that one with Option+W, while Alt+228 on Windows gives this Greek letter.
Unicode details
| Unicode name | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER SIGMA |
|---|---|
| Code point | U+03A3 |
| Block | Greek and Coptic |
| Added | Unicode 1.1 (1993) |
| Category | Uppercase letter (Lu) |
| Emoji | No |
| UTF-8 bytes | CE A3 |
| UTF-16 | 03A3 |
| HTML | Σ |
Tap a code to copy it:
How to type Σ
- Mac: Fn+E opens the Character Viewer; search “greek capital letter sigma”.
- Windows: Alt+228 on the numeric keypad (all Alt codes).
- Word: 03A3, then Alt+X.
- Excel and Google Sheets:
=UNICHAR(931). - Phone: copy it from this page.
- Linux (GNOME): Ctrl+Shift+U, then 03a3, then Space.
- HTML:
Σ. CSScontent:"\03A3".